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Atoms
Jun 10, 2025
Brief recap of atoms to help learn better about chapter electricity
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this tutorial is about very short
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introduction of the atom everything in
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this word for example ball paper pencil
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food you eat water you drink Etc are
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made up of atoms the earlier people used
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to believe that atoms cannot be
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divided that is they are smallest
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possible particles of matter but now we
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know that this is not true so atoms can
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further be divided into smaller pieces
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and these pieces are protons neutrons
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and electrons again jointly protons and
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neutrons made up what we call as a
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nucleus of an atom so nucleus is the
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center of an atom which is positively
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charged now protons in the nucleus carry
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positive charge and neutrons does not
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carry any charge so neutrons are
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electrically neutral and electrons in an
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atom carry negative charge now most of
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the atoms are electrically neutral that
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is net charge on an atom as a whole is
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zero this happens because in an atom
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number of protons is equal to the number
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of electrons and the amount of charge on
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the proton is exactly equal and opposite
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in nature to that of the charge on an
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electron so charge on an electron is -
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1.6 into 10^ -9
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and charge on a proton is 1.6 into 10^
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-9 kums so here at this point let us
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consider an atom of an element say
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oxygen as can be seen from this figure
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an oxygen atom has atomic number eight
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so an oxygen atom has eight
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electrons and eight protons and and 8
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neutrons now if you add up all the
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charge of this oxygen atom that is Q
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total is equals to 8 times charge on a
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single proton and 8 times charge on a
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single electron that is total charge on
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an oxygen atom is 8 * 1.6 into 10^
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-19 + 8 into - 1.6 into 10^ - 19 which
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is equals to 0 so you see all the charge
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on oxygen atom cancels out and net
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charge on it comes out to be zero same
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would be the case with all other atoms
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now atoms are not always neutral that is
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they can become charged if they lose or
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gain an electron and these charge atoms
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are called ions so if an atom loses an
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electron then it becomes positively
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charged and becomes a positive ion again
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if an atom gains an electron it has
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excess of negative charge and it becomes
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a negative ion so this was the short
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recap on a topic called atoms and ions
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for more notes and study material please
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visit our website physics catalyst.com
#Chemistry
#Primary & Secondary Schooling (K-12)